Spain Dual Citizenship

Get it and RETAIN IT.

Spain is one of the most sought-after countries for dual citizenship. But is Spanish dual citizenship even allowed? 

Before Brexit, free movement of people within EU countries meant that the necessity of multiple passports and nationality wasn’t on the agenda.

But now in Brexit’s aftermath, double citizenship is a coveted status.

Here we look at Spain Dual Citizenship – how to retain it if you are Spanish acquiring British nationality and how to get it if you are non-Spanish acquiring Spanish nationality for the first time. 

---

What you have to do to retain your Spanish nationality

1. Register as a resident in the Spanish Consulate’s Registration Registry by submitting completed Declaration of Conservation of Nationality Form and associated documents
2. Photocopy of Spanish passport and Spanish DNI card (if held). Originals of these must be presented at the Consulate appointment.
3. Photocopy of British passport. Original must be presented at the Consulate appointment.
4. A Notarised Certified True copy of the British Certificate of Naturalisation with an apostille. Click on the link to go through to our explainer page on this process.
5. Photocopy of Birth Certificate. your company is compliant with UK corporate regulations and continues to trade as a legitimate business.

After you submit this to the Spanish Consulate they will review it and contact you to arrange an appointment at the Consulate.

At the appointment you will sign the ‘act of conservation of nationality’.

A few days after the appointment, you will receive an email and that will end the process.

Job done, congratulations. You will have retained your Spanish Citizenship!

---

Does Spain Allow Dual Citizenship? 

Spain generally does not allow dual citizenship, but…it does have bilateral agreements and dual citizenship agreements with many countries, mainly Latin American countries, Ibero-American countries, Andorra, Philippines, France and Portugal. Governing how citizens of these states acquiring Spanish nationality can retain to double citizenship.

Sephardic jews are also allowed to maintain their original citizenship under Spanish laws interoduced to atone for expulsion of Jews in the 15th Century.

‘Nacionalidad de origen’ or ‘original nationality’ is a big deal in Spain.

It refers to how you came to Spanish citizenship and how you can keep it under Spanish law particularly the Spanish Civil Code

Who Is Eligible for Spanish Dual Citizenship?

If you’re considering applying for Spanish dual citizenship, the first step is to determine if you’re eligible under Spanish nationality law. Spain offers paths to dual nationality for individuals with cultural ties, Spanish roots, or long-standing connections to Spanish-speaking countries. Here’s who qualifies:

• Nationals of Ibero-American countries (such as Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, etc.)
• Sephardic Jews under special historical provisions
• Citizens of Equatorial Guinea, Puerto Rico, Andorra, and the Philippines
• Spouses of Spanish citizens
• People with Spanish ancestry
• Long-term residents meeting specific residency requirements

These groups meet the basic eligibility criteria for acquiring Spanish nationality without having to renounce their original nationality, depending on their country of origin.

---

Step-by-Step Application Process

Applying for Spanish citizenship involves several key steps. Here’s a breakdown:

Step 1 – Prove Legal Residency in Spain

Before you can apply, you must meet the required residency periods:

• 1 year for nationals of Ibero-American countries, Andorra, Philippines, and others
• 2 years for citizens from specific countries with agreements
• 10 years for most other applicants

You’ll need to show legal residence through a valid residence permit.

Understanding Spanish residency rules and meeting the residency requirements is essential.

Step 2 – Gather Required Documents

To move forward, compile all required documentation, including:

• Birth certificate
• Valid passport
• Criminal record certificate
• Marriage certificates (if applicable)
• Proof of visa application (if required)

Documents are submitted through the Spanish Civil Register or at your nearest Spanish embassy. Expect to pay application fees.

Step 3 – Submit Spanish Citizenship Application

Once your documents are ready:

• Submit your forms online or at the Civil Registry
• Make sure to meet any language requirements
• Double-check your details like Telephone Number and Email Address

This is where working with legal experts or expert immigration lawyers can help avoid costly mistakes. Immigration experts know how to navigate the system efficiently.

Step 4 – Pass the Required Tests

Applicants must show language proficiency and knowledge of Spanish society:

• Spanish language test (DELE A2 or higher)
• Spanish culture and constitution test (CCSE)

These exams assess your integration into Spanish culture and your ability to participate in Spanish society.

Step 5 – Swear the Oath of Allegiance

Once approved, you must swear the oath of allegiance before the Spanish government. This includes:

• A renunciation clause (although symbolic for many)
• Acceptance of obligations like potential military service or holding public office

After this, your citizenship status becomes official.

---

Special Cases: Sephardic Jews, Latin Americans, and More

Some applicants have access to relaxed pathways:

• Sephardic Jews had the right to apply under the Democratic Memory Law and retain their previous citizenship
• Citizens of former colonies (e.g., Costa Rica, Dominican Republic) benefit from reduced residency requirements
• U.S. citizens and British citizens with Spanish ancestry may be eligible under different rules

Whether you’re a British citizen, a U.S. citizen, or from the United Kingdom, understanding your link to Spanish heritage is key.

---

Spain’s Dual Citizenship Agreements

Spain maintains dual nationality agreements with select countries. These allow foreign nationals to retain their original nationality when becoming Spanish citizens.

Most agreements are with Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America. If your country is included, you won’t have to renounce your original citizenship.

---

Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them

Many applications fail due to avoidable mistakes. Be aware of:

• Language barrier when taking required tests
• Missing documents in your submission
• A problematic criminal background check
• A long and unclear application process

Check all specific requirements and ensure all required documents are in place to protect your legal status.

---

Benefits of Holding Spanish Dual Citizenship

Having Spanish dual nationality comes with serious perks:

• Free movement across EU countries and the Schengen Area
• The right to live and work in all EU member states
• Access to public services, healthcare, and education
• The strength of a Spanish passport backed by Spanish law

You’ll be free to live anywhere within Spanish territory or the broader EU.

---

Can You Keep Your Original Citizenship?

Spain may require renunciation of your previous nationality, but there are exceptions. In many cases:

• Renunciation is symbolic
• Spain allows you to retain your original citizenship based on your country of origin and bilateral agreements

Understanding how nationality of origin and Spanish nationality law intersect is crucial.

---

FAQs

Can Americans get dual citizenship with Spain?
Yes, a US citizen may apply, especially with Spanish ancestry or through long-term legal residency.

Do I need to renounce my current nationality?
It depends on your country of origin and Spain’s agreement with it.

How long does the process take?
It varies—typically 1 to 3 years, depending on residency and required documentation.

What if I have Spanish parents?
If you were born to Spanish parents, you may qualify for birthright citizenship with a simplified Spanish citizenship application.

Do you offer other notary services for Spanish matters?

Yes, check out our Spanish Power of Attorney page for help with POAs or give us a call if you need other help.

---

Expert Help

Spanish citizenship is within reach—if you know the system. Don’t go it alone.

Contact us for expert guidance on Spanish citizenship. Our team of legal experts offers valuable information and support throughout the process.

If you need help, drop us a line.